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* OTel semantic attribute rendering for local dev server output.
*
* Ported from sentry-mcp's trace-semantic-display.ts (PR #981) and adapted
* for raw Sentry envelope items. Renders span/transaction labels from
* OpenTelemetry semantic attributes before falling back to Sentry op/name.
*
* Covers: GenAI, MCP, HTTP, database, GraphQL, RPC/cloud, messaging,
* FaaS, object stores, CloudEvents, CICD, feature flags, process,
* exception, and error attributes.
*/
import { logger } from "../logger.js";
const log = logger.withTag("semantic-display");
/** Display result from semantic rendering. */
export type SemanticSpanDisplay = {
/** Primary label for the span/transaction. */
label: string;
/** Additional metadata tokens shown after the label. */
metadata: string[];
};
/** A function that attempts to render semantic display for an item. */
type SpanDisplayFormatter = (
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
) => SemanticSpanDisplay | null;
const SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH = 120;
const SPAN_METADATA_MAX_LENGTH = 64;
const SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH = 2048;
/** Matches a URL scheme prefix like `https://` or `ftp://`. */
const URL_SCHEME_RE = /^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:\/\//i;
/**
* Ordered list of semantic formatters. The first match wins.
* MCP before HTTP so `tools/call` isn't masked by transport-level `POST /mcp`.
*/
const SEMANTIC_SPAN_FORMATTERS: SpanDisplayFormatter[] = [
formatMcpSpanDisplay,
formatGenAiSpanDisplay,
formatHttpSpanDisplay,
formatDatabaseSpanDisplay,
formatGraphqlSpanDisplay,
formatObjectStoreSpanDisplay,
formatRpcSpanDisplay,
formatMessagingSpanDisplay,
formatCloudEventsSpanDisplay,
formatFaasSpanDisplay,
formatCicdSpanDisplay,
formatFeatureFlagSpanDisplay,
formatProcessSpanDisplay,
formatExceptionSpanDisplay,
formatErrorSpanDisplay,
];
/**
* Abstraction over attribute sources. In raw envelopes, attributes live in
* `contexts.trace.data` or individual span `data` objects.
*/
export type AttributeSource = Record<string, unknown>;
/** Look up an attribute value by trying multiple keys in order. */
function getAttr(
attrs: AttributeSource,
keys: string[],
maxLength = SPAN_METADATA_MAX_LENGTH
): string | undefined {
for (const key of keys) {
if (Object.hasOwn(attrs, key)) {
const value = formatDisplayPart(attrs[key], maxLength);
Eif (value) {
return value;
}
}
}
return;
}
/**
* Build a semantic display for a transaction or span from its attributes.
*
* @param attrs - Merged attribute object from the envelope item
* @param fallbackLabel - The transaction name or span description to use as fallback
* @returns A SemanticSpanDisplay with label and metadata, or the fallback
*/
export function formatSemanticSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay {
for (const formatter of SEMANTIC_SPAN_FORMATTERS) {
const result = formatter(attrs, fallbackLabel);
if (result) {
return {
label: truncate(result.label, SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH) || "unnamed",
metadata: dedupeMetadata(result.metadata),
};
}
}
return { label: fallbackLabel, metadata: [] };
}
/**
* Derive a semantic op category from attributes for the `[op]` display.
* Returns undefined if no semantic category is detected (falls back to trace.op).
*
* Only domains with a natural one-word op category are included.
* CloudEvents, CICD, FeatureFlag, Exception, and Error are intentionally
* omitted — they should preserve the original trace.op.
* HTTP also returns undefined to keep the SDK-assigned op (e.g. `http.client`).
* S3 is checked before RPC since S3 spans carry `rpc.method` but should
* be tagged as `s3` rather than `rpc`.
*/
export function inferSemanticOp(attrs: AttributeSource): string | undefined {
if (getAttr(attrs, ["mcp.method.name"])) {
return "mcp";
}
if (
getAttr(attrs, [
"gen_ai.operation.name",
"gen_ai.tool.name",
"gen_ai.agent.name",
])
) {
return "gen_ai";
}
if (getAttr(attrs, ["http.request.method", "http.response.status_code"])) {
return;
}
if (
getAttr(attrs, ["db.system.name", "db.query.summary", "db.operation.name"])
) {
return "db";
}
Iif (getAttr(attrs, ["graphql.operation.type"])) {
return "graphql";
}
// Check S3/object store before RPC — S3 spans carry rpc.method but should
// be displayed as object store operations, not generic RPC.
if (getAttr(attrs, ["aws.s3.bucket", "aws.s3.key"])) {
return "s3";
}
if (getAttr(attrs, ["rpc.system.name", "rpc.service"])) {
return "rpc";
}
if (getAttr(attrs, ["messaging.system", "messaging.operation.name"])) {
return "messaging";
}
Iif (getAttr(attrs, ["faas.trigger", "faas.invoked_name"])) {
return "faas";
}
if (getAttr(attrs, ["process.executable.name", "process.command"])) {
return "process";
}
return;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Semantic formatters — each returns null if the span doesn't match
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
function formatGenAiSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const operation = getAttr(attrs, ["gen_ai.operation.name"]);
const toolName = getAttr(attrs, ["gen_ai.tool.name"]);
const agentName = getAttr(attrs, ["gen_ai.agent.name"]);
const model = getGenAiModelIdentifier(attrs);
const dataSourceId = getAttr(attrs, ["gen_ai.data_source.id"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(operation || toolName || agentName || model || dataSourceId)) {
return null;
}
const subject = toolName ?? agentName ?? model ?? dataSourceId;
const label = operation
? formatOperationLabel(operation, subject)
: subject || fallbackLabel;
return {
label,
metadata: compactStrings([
subject === model ? undefined : model,
errorType,
]),
};
}
function formatMcpSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const method = getAttr(attrs, ["mcp.method.name"]);
const resourceUri = getAttr(
attrs,
["mcp.resource.uri"],
SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH
);
const target =
getAttr(attrs, ["gen_ai.tool.name", "gen_ai.prompt.name"]) ??
formatResourceTarget(resourceUri);
const statusCode = getAttr(attrs, ["rpc.response.status_code"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(method || resourceUri)) {
return null;
}
return {
label: joinParts([method, target]) || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([statusCode, errorType]),
};
}
function formatHttpSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const method = getAttr(attrs, ["http.request.method"])?.toUpperCase();
const statusCode = getAttr(attrs, ["http.response.status_code"]);
const target = getHttpTarget(attrs, {
includeServerTarget: Boolean(method || statusCode),
});
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(method || target || statusCode)) {
return null;
}
const label = formatHttpLabel({ method, target, fallbackLabel });
return {
label: label || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([statusCode, errorType]),
};
}
function formatDatabaseSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const dbSystem = getAttr(attrs, ["db.system.name"]);
const querySummary = getAttr(attrs, ["db.query.summary"]);
const operationName = getAttr(attrs, ["db.operation.name"]);
const target =
getAttr(attrs, ["db.collection.name", "db.namespace"]) ??
getServerTarget(attrs);
const storedProcedure = getAttr(attrs, ["db.stored_procedure.name"]);
const queryText = getAttr(
attrs,
["db.query.text"],
SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH
);
if (
!(
dbSystem ||
querySummary ||
operationName ||
target ||
storedProcedure ||
queryText
)
) {
return null;
}
const label =
querySummary ??
(storedProcedure ? `CALL ${storedProcedure}` : undefined) ??
(joinParts([operationName, target]) || undefined) ??
formatDbQueryText(queryText) ??
fallbackLabel;
const statusCode = getAttr(attrs, ["db.response.status_code"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
return {
label,
metadata: compactStrings([dbSystem, statusCode, errorType]),
};
}
function formatGraphqlSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const operationType = getAttr(attrs, ["graphql.operation.type"]);
const operationName = getAttr(attrs, ["graphql.operation.name"]);
const document = getAttr(
attrs,
["graphql.document"],
SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH
);
if (!(operationType || operationName || document)) {
return null;
}
return {
label:
joinParts([operationType, operationName]) ||
truncate(document, SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH) ||
fallbackLabel,
metadata: [],
};
}
function formatRpcSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const rpcSystem = getAttr(attrs, ["rpc.system.name"]);
const service = getAttr(attrs, ["rpc.service"]);
const method = getAttr(attrs, ["rpc.method"]);
const statusCode = getAttr(attrs, ["rpc.response.status_code"]);
const region = getAttr(attrs, ["cloud.region"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(rpcSystem || service || method || statusCode)) {
return null;
}
const methodLabel =
service && method ? `${service}/${method}` : method || service;
return {
label: methodLabel || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([rpcSystem, statusCode, region, errorType]),
};
}
function formatMessagingSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const messagingSystem = getAttr(attrs, ["messaging.system"]);
const operation = getAttr(attrs, [
"messaging.operation.name",
"messaging.operation.type",
]);
const destination = getAttr(attrs, [
"messaging.destination.template",
"messaging.destination.name",
"messaging.destination.subscription.name",
]);
const consumerGroup = getAttr(attrs, ["messaging.consumer.group.name"]);
const messageCount = getAttr(attrs, ["messaging.batch.message_count"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(messagingSystem || operation || destination)) {
return null;
}
return {
label: joinParts([operation, destination]) || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([
messagingSystem,
consumerGroup,
messageCount ? `messages:${messageCount}` : undefined,
errorType,
]),
};
}
function formatFaasSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const trigger = getAttr(attrs, ["faas.trigger"]);
const name = getAttr(attrs, ["faas.invoked_name", "faas.name"]);
const provider = getAttr(attrs, ["faas.invoked_provider"]);
const region = getAttr(attrs, ["faas.invoked_region"]);
const coldStart = getAttr(attrs, ["faas.coldstart"]);
const documentOperation = getAttr(attrs, ["faas.document.operation"]);
const documentTarget = getAttr(attrs, [
"faas.document.collection",
"faas.document.name",
]);
const cron = getAttr(attrs, ["faas.cron"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
const isColdStart = coldStart === "true";
if (
!(
trigger ||
name ||
provider ||
region ||
isColdStart ||
documentOperation ||
documentTarget ||
cron
)
) {
return null;
}
return {
label:
joinParts([
trigger,
name,
joinParts([documentOperation, documentTarget]) || cron,
]) || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([
provider,
region,
isColdStart ? "coldstart" : undefined,
errorType,
]),
};
}
function formatProcessSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const command = getAttr(attrs, [
"process.executable.name",
"process.command",
]);
const exitCode = getAttr(attrs, ["process.exit.code"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(command || exitCode)) {
return null;
}
return {
label: command || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([
exitCode ? `exit:${exitCode}` : undefined,
errorType,
]),
};
}
function formatObjectStoreSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const bucket = getAttr(attrs, ["aws.s3.bucket"]);
const key = getAttr(attrs, ["aws.s3.key"], SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH);
const copySource = getAttr(
attrs,
["aws.s3.copy_source"],
SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH
);
const operation = getAttr(attrs, ["rpc.method"]);
const region = getAttr(attrs, ["cloud.region"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
const target =
formatObjectStoreTarget(bucket, key) ??
truncate(copySource, SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH);
if (!(bucket || key || copySource)) {
return null;
}
return {
label: joinParts([operation, target]) || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([region, errorType]),
};
}
function formatCloudEventsSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const eventType = getAttr(attrs, ["cloudevents.event_type"]);
const eventSubject = getAttr(attrs, ["cloudevents.event_subject"]);
const eventSource = getAttr(
attrs,
["cloudevents.event_source"],
SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH
);
const specVersion = getAttr(attrs, ["cloudevents.event_spec_version"]);
if (!(eventType || eventSubject || eventSource || specVersion)) {
return null;
}
return {
label:
joinParts([
eventType,
eventSubject ?? formatResourceTarget(eventSource),
]) || fallbackLabel,
metadata: specVersion ? [`cloudevents:${specVersion}`] : [],
};
}
function formatCicdSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const action = getAttr(attrs, ["cicd.pipeline.action.name"]);
const pipeline = getAttr(attrs, ["cicd.pipeline.name"]);
const pipelineResult = getAttr(attrs, ["cicd.pipeline.result"]);
const taskName = getAttr(attrs, ["cicd.pipeline.task.name"]);
const taskResult = getAttr(attrs, ["cicd.pipeline.task.run.result"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(action || pipeline || pipelineResult || taskName || taskResult)) {
return null;
}
return {
label: joinParts([action, pipeline]) || taskName || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([pipelineResult, taskResult, errorType]),
};
}
function formatFeatureFlagSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const flagKey = getAttr(attrs, ["feature_flag.key"]);
const variant = getAttr(attrs, ["feature_flag.result.variant"]);
const value = getAttr(attrs, ["feature_flag.result.value"]);
const provider = getAttr(attrs, ["feature_flag.provider.name"]);
const reason = getAttr(attrs, ["feature_flag.result.reason"]);
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!(flagKey || variant || value || provider || reason)) {
return null;
}
return {
label: joinParts([flagKey, variant ?? value]) || fallbackLabel,
metadata: compactStrings([provider, reason, errorType]),
};
}
function formatExceptionSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const exceptionType = getAttr(attrs, ["exception.type"]);
const exceptionMessage = getAttr(
attrs,
["exception.message"],
SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH
);
if (!(exceptionType || exceptionMessage)) {
return null;
}
const label =
fallbackLabel === "unnamed"
? exceptionType || exceptionMessage || fallbackLabel
: fallbackLabel;
const metadata =
fallbackLabel === "unnamed"
? []
: compactStrings([
exceptionType,
exceptionType ? undefined : exceptionMessage,
]);
return { label, metadata };
}
function formatErrorSpanDisplay(
attrs: AttributeSource,
fallbackLabel: string
): SemanticSpanDisplay | null {
const errorType = getErrorType(attrs);
if (!errorType) {
return null;
}
return { label: fallbackLabel, metadata: [errorType] };
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Shared helpers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
function getGenAiModelIdentifier(attrs: AttributeSource): string | undefined {
const provider = getAttr(attrs, ["gen_ai.provider.name"]);
const model = getAttr(attrs, [
"gen_ai.response.model",
"gen_ai.request.model",
]);
if (!model) {
return provider;
}
if (!provider || model.includes("/")) {
return model;
}
return `${provider}/${model}`;
}
function getHttpTarget(
attrs: AttributeSource,
{ includeServerTarget = false }: { includeServerTarget?: boolean } = {}
): string | undefined {
const route = getAttr(
attrs,
["http.route", "url.template"],
SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH
);
const fullUrl = getAttr(attrs, ["url.full"], SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH);
const path = getAttr(attrs, ["url.path"], SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH);
const serverTarget = getServerTarget(attrs);
if (route) {
return formatHttpTarget(route);
}
if (fullUrl) {
return formatHttpTarget(fullUrl);
}
Iif (path) {
return formatHttpTarget(path);
}
if (includeServerTarget && serverTarget) {
return formatHttpTarget(serverTarget);
}
return;
}
function getServerTarget(attrs: AttributeSource): string | undefined {
const address = getAttr(attrs, ["server.address"]);
const port = getAttr(attrs, ["server.port"]);
if (!address) {
return;
}
if (!port || address.includes(":")) {
return address;
}
return `${address}:${port}`;
}
function formatHttpLabel({
method,
target,
fallbackLabel,
}: {
method?: string;
target?: string;
fallbackLabel: string;
}): string {
Eif (method && target) {
return joinParts([method, target]);
}
if (target) {
return target;
}
const normalized = fallbackLabel.toUpperCase();
if (method && normalized !== method && fallbackLabel !== "unnamed") {
return normalized.startsWith(`${method} `)
? fallbackLabel
: joinParts([method, fallbackLabel]);
}
return method || fallbackLabel;
}
function formatHttpTarget(value: string): string {
const trimmed = value.trim();
if (!URL_SCHEME_RE.test(trimmed)) {
const noFragment = trimmed.split("#")[0] ?? trimmed;
return noFragment.split("?")[0] ?? noFragment;
}
try {
const url = new URL(trimmed);
const path = url.pathname === "/" ? "" : url.pathname;
return `${url.host}${path}`;
} catch (error) {
log.debug("Failed to parse URL for HTTP target display", error);
const noFragment = trimmed.split("#")[0] ?? trimmed;
return noFragment.split("?")[0] ?? noFragment;
}
}
function formatOperationLabel(operation: string, subject?: string): string {
return subject ? `${operation} ${subject}` : operation;
}
function formatObjectStoreTarget(
bucket?: string,
key?: string
): string | undefined {
if (bucket && key) {
return truncate(`${bucket}/${key}`, SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH);
}
return bucket ?? truncate(key, SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH);
}
function formatResourceTarget(value?: string): string | undefined {
if (!value) {
return;
}
return truncate(value.split("?")[0], SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH);
}
function formatDbQueryText(value?: string): string | undefined {
Iif (!value) {
return;
}
return truncate(
value.replace(/'([^']|'')*'/g, "?").replace(/\b\d+(\.\d+)?\b/g, "?"),
SPAN_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH
);
}
function joinParts(values: Array<string | undefined>): string {
return compactStrings(values).join(" ");
}
function compactStrings(values: Array<string | undefined>): string[] {
return values.filter((v): v is string => Boolean(v));
}
function getErrorType(attrs: AttributeSource): string | undefined {
return getAttr(attrs, ["error.type"]);
}
function truncate(value: unknown, maxLength: number): string | undefined {
let text: string | undefined;
if (typeof value === "string") {
text = value;
} else if (typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "boolean") {
text = String(value);
} else if (
Array.isArray(value) &&
value.length === 1 &&
typeof value[0] === "string"
) {
// OTel multi-value attributes are arrays; render single-element ones.
text = value[0];
}
const normalized = text?.replace(/\s+/g, " ").trim();
if (!normalized) {
return;
}
if (normalized.length <= maxLength) {
return normalized;
}
return `${normalized.slice(0, maxLength - 3)}...`;
}
/** Format a display part, same as truncate but exported for tests. */
export function formatDisplayPart(
value: unknown,
maxLength: number
): string | undefined {
return truncate(value, maxLength);
}
/** Deduplicate metadata entries case-insensitively. Values are already truncated by `getAttr`. */
function dedupeMetadata(values: string[]): string[] {
const result: string[] = [];
const seen = new Set<string>();
for (const v of values) {
Iif (!v) {
continue;
}
const key = v.toLowerCase();
Iif (seen.has(key)) {
continue;
}
seen.add(key);
result.push(v);
}
return result;
}
/**
* Merge attribute sources from a raw envelope transaction item.
* Transaction-level attributes live in `contexts.trace.data`.
*/
export function mergeTransactionAttributes(
event: Record<string, unknown>
): AttributeSource {
const contexts = event.contexts as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
const trace = contexts?.trace as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
const data = trace?.data as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
return data ?? {};
}
|