xxhash-wasm

A WebAssembly implementation of xxHash, a fast non-cryptographic hash
algorithm. It can be called seamlessly from JavaScript. You can use it like any
other JavaScript library but still get the benefits of WebAssembly, no special
setup needed.

Table of Contents

• Installation
  • From npm
  • From Unpkg
    • ES Modules
    • UMD build
  • Cloudflare Workers
• Usage
  • Streaming Example
  • Node
• Performance
  • Engine Requirements
• API
  • h32
  • h64
  • Streaming
• Comparison to xxhashjs
  • Benchmarks
  • Bundle size

Installation

From npm

npm install --save xxhash-wasm

Or with Yarn:

yarn add xxhash-wasm

From Unpkg

ES Modules

<script type="module">
  import xxhash from "https://unpkg.com/xxhash-wasm/esm/xxhash-wasm.js";
</script>

UMD build

<script src="https://unpkg.com/xxhash-wasm/umd/xxhash-wasm.js"></script>

The global xxhash will be available.

Cloudflare Workers

If you are using Cloudflare Workers (workerd) you can use the installed
npm package as is. The xxhash-wasm package is compatible with Cloudflare Workers.

import xxhash from "xxhash-wasm";

Importing it will pick the correct file base on the conditional
import
from the package.json.

Usage

The WebAssembly is contained in the JavaScript bundle, so you don't need to
manually fetch it and create a new WebAssembly instance.

import xxhash from "xxhash-wasm";

// Creates the WebAssembly instance.
xxhash().then(hasher => {
  const input = "The string that is being hashed";

  // 32-bit version
  hasher.h32(input); // 3998627172 (decimal representation)
  // For convenience, get hash as string of its zero-padded hex representation
  hasher.h32ToString(input); // "ee563564"

  // 64-bit version
  hasher.h64(input); // 5776724552493396044n (BigInt)
  // For convenience, get hash as string of its zero-padded hex representation
  hasher.h64ToString(input); // "502b0c5fc4a5704c"
});

Or with async/await and destructuring:

// Creates the WebAssembly instance.
const { h32, h64 } = await xxhash();

const input = "The string that is being hashed";
// 32-bit version
h32(input); // 3998627172 (decimal representation)
// 64-bit version
h64(input); // 5776724552493396044n (BigInt)

Streaming Example

xxhash-wasm supports a crypto-like streaming api, useful for avoiding memory
consumption when hashing large amounts of data:

const { create32, create64 } = await xxhash();

// 32-bit version
create32()
  .update("some data")
  // update accepts either a string or Uint8Array
  .update(Uint8Array.from([1, 2, 3]))
  .digest(); // 955607085

// 64-bit version
create64()
  .update("some data")
  // update accepts either a string or Uint8Array
  .update(Uint8Array.from([1, 2, 3]))
  .digest(); // 883044157688673477n

Node

It doesn't matter whether you are using CommonJS or ES Modules in Node
(e.g. with "type": "module" in package.json or using the explicit file
extensions .cjs or .mjs respectively), importing xxhash-wasm will always
load the corresponding module, as both bundles are provided and specified in
the exports field of its package.json, therefore the appropriate one will
automatically be selected.

Using ES Modules

import xxhash from "xxhash-wasm";

Using CommonJS

const xxhash = require("xxhash-wasm");

Performance

For performance sensitive applications, xxhash-wasm provides the h** and
h**Raw APIs, which return raw numeric hash results rather than zero-padded hex
strings. The overhead of the string conversion in the h**ToString APIs can be
as much as 20% of overall runtime when hashing small byte-size inputs, and the
string result is often inconsequential (for example when simply checking if the
the resulting hashes are the same). When necessary, getting a zero-padded hex
string from the provided number or BigInt results is easily
achieved via result.toString(16).padStart(16, "0") and the h**ToString APIs
are purely for convenience.

The h**, h**ToString, and streaming APIs make use of
TextEncoder.encodeInto to directly encode
strings as a stream of UTF-8 bytes into the WebAssembly memory buffer, meaning
that for string-hashing purposes, these APIs will be significantly faster than
converting the string to bytes externally and using the Raw API. That said,
for large strings it may be beneficial to consider the streaming API or another
approach to encoding, as encodeInto is forced to allocate 3-times the string
length to account for the chance the input string contains high-byte-count
code units.

If possible, defer the encoding of the string to the hashing, unless you need
to use the encoded string (bytes) for other purposes as well, or you are
creating the bytes differently (e.g. different encoding), in which case it's
much more efficient to use the h**Raw APIs instead of having to unnecessarily
convert them to a string first.

Engine Requirements

In an effort to make this library as performant as possible, it uses several
recent additions to browsers, Node and the WebAssembly specification.
Notably, these include:

1. BigInt support in WebAssembly
2. Bulk memory operations in WebAssembly
3. TextEncoder.encodeInto

Taking all of these requirements into account, xxhash-wasm should be
compatible with:

• Chrome >= 85
• Edge >= 79
• Firefox >= 79
• Safari >= 15.0
• Node >= 15.0

If support for an older engine is required, xxhash-wasm@0.4.2 is available
with much broader engine support, but 3-4x slower hashing performance.

API

const {
  h32,
  h32ToString,
  h32Raw,
  create32,
  h64,
  h64ToString,
  h64Raw,
  create64,
} = await xxhash();

Create a WebAssembly instance.

h32

h32(input: string, [seed: u32]): number

Generate a 32-bit hash of the UTF-8 encoded bytes of input. The optional
seed is a u32 and any number greater than the maximum (0xffffffff) is
wrapped, which means that 0xffffffff + 1 = 0.

Returns a u32 number containing the hash value.

h32ToString(input: string, [seed: u32]): string

Same as h32, but returning a zero-padded hex string.

h32Raw(input: Uint8Array, [seed: u32]): number

Same as h32 but with a Uint8Array as input instead of a string.

h64

h64(input: string, [seed: bigint]): bigint

Generate a 64-bit hash of the UTF-8 encoded bytes of input. The optional
seed is a u64 provided as a BigInt.

Returns a u64 bigint containing the hash value.

h64ToString(input: string, [seed: bigint]): string

Same as h64, but returning a zero-padded hex string.

h64Raw(input: Uint8Array, [seed: bigint]): bigint

Same as h64 but with a Uint8Array as input instead of a string.

Streaming

type XXHash<T> {
  update(input: string | Uint8Array): XXHash<T>;
  digest(): T
}

The streaming API mirrors Node's built-in crypto.createHash, providing
update and digest methods to add data to the hash and compute the final hash
value, respectively.

create32([seed: number]): XXHash<number>

Create a 32-bit hash for streaming applications.

create64([seed: bigint]): XXHash<bigint>

Create a 64-bit hash for streaming applications.

Comparison to xxhashjs

xxhashjs is implemented in pure JavaScript and because JavaScript
is lacking support for 64-bit integers, it uses a workaround with
cuint. Not only is that a big performance hit, but it also increases
the bundle size by quite a bit when it's used in the browser.

This library (xxhash-wasm) has the big advantage that WebAssembly supports
u64 and also some instructions (e.g. rotl), which would otherwise have
to be emulated. However, The downside is that you have to initialise
a WebAssembly instance, which takes a little over 2ms in Node and about 1ms in
the browser. But once the instance is created, it can be used without any
further overhead. For the benchmarks below, the instantiation is done before the
benchmark and therefore it's excluded from the results, since it wouldn't make
sense to always create a new WebAssembly instance.

Benchmarks

Benchmarks are using Benchmark.js with random strings of
different lengths. Higher is better

xxhash-wasm outperforms xxhashjs significantly, the 32-bit is up to 90 times
faster (generally increases as the size of the input grows), and the 64-bit is
up to 350 times faster (generally increases as the size of the input grows).

The 64-bit version is the faster algorithm but there is a small degree of
overhead involved in using BigInts, and so it retains a performance advantage
over all lengths over xxhashjs and the 32-bit algorithm above ~1000 bytes.

xxhash-wasm also significantly outperforms Node's built-in hash algorithms,
making it suitable for use in a wide variety of situations, where
non-cryptographic hashes are acceptable. Benchmarks from an x64 MacBook Pro
running Node 17.3:

If suitable for your use case, the Raw API offers significant throughput
improvements over the string-hashing API, particularly for smaller inputs,
assuming that you have access to the Uint8Array already (see also the
Performance section):

Bundle size

Both libraries can be used in the browser and they provide a UMD bundle. The
bundles are self-contained, that means they can be included and used without
having to add any other dependencies. The table shows the bundle size of the
minified versions. Lower is better.